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41.
Ulf Janson 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2001,9(2):135-143
Togetherness is seen as a function of shared activity, not just proximity in physical space. In the case of make-believe play, this activity is assumed to take place in three interrelated contexts: the physical, social and symbolical. Togetherness implies that each player has access to these contexts in order to participate in the process of co-construction and collective symbolisation characteristic of play. Through the study of blind and sighted pre-school children in play interaction the differences in the way players have access to physical space, experience social interaction and create meaningful symbols are demonstrated. Transcribed episodes of play negotiations illustrate how differences in visual ability may impede togetherness. As a conclusion it is posited that to understand such impediments differences in apprehension of the situation as opposed to disabilities defined as individual characteristics should be highlighted and made the focus of educational practice and intervention. e Togetherness f est considérée comme une fonction de l'activité partagée, et non seulement de la proximité dans l'espace physique. Dans le cas du jeu de e faire-semblant f , cette activité est supposée avoir lieu dans trois contextes interdépendants: physique, social et symbolique. e Togetherness f implique que chaque participant a accès à ces contextes, afin de participer au processus de co-construction et de symbolisation collective qui caractérise le jeu. Par l'étude d'enfants non-voyants et voyants d'âge préscolaire dans une interaction de jeu, on démontre les différences dans la manière dont les participants ont accès à l'espace physique, ont l'expérience de l'interaction sociale, et créent des symboles significatifs. Des épisodes transcrits de négociations de jeu illustrent comment les différences d'aptitude visuelle peuvent faire obstacle à e togetherness f . En conclusion, on pose que, pour comprendre ces obstacles, les différences d'appréhension de la situation plutôt que les handicaps définis comme caractéristiques individuelles devraient être soulignées et rendues centres de convergence de la pratique éducative et de l'intervention. El sentimiento de unión se ve como función de una actividad compartida, no sólo como proximidad en el espacio fisico. En el caso de hacer-creer-jugar, se supone que esta actividad tiene lugar en tres contextos interrelacionados: el físico, el social y el simbólico. Unión implica que cada jugador tiene acceso a estos contextos, a fin de participar en el proceso de co-construcción y simbolización colectiva, característico del juego. A través del estudio de niños preescolares ciegos y videntes, se demuestran las diferencias en la manera que los niños tienen acceso al espacio físico, experimentan la interacción social y crean símbolos con signifícado. Episodios grabados de negociaciones de juego ilustran cómo las diferencias en habilidad visual pueden dificultar la unión. Como conclusión se plantea que, para entender dichos impedimentos, deberían ponerse en relieve las diferencias en apreciación de la situación en oposición a discapacidades definidas como características individuales y convertilas en el centro de la práctica educativa e intervención. 相似文献
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Carina Lüke Angela Grimminger Katharina J. Rohlfing Ulf Liszkowski Ute Ritterfeld 《Child development》2017,88(2):484-492
Early identification of primary language delay is crucial to implement effective prevention programs. Available screening instruments are based on parents' reports and have only insufficient predictive validity. This study employed observational measures of preverbal infants' gestural communication to test its predictive validity for identifying later language delays. Pointing behavior of fifty‐nine 12‐month‐old infants was analyzed and related to their language skills 1 year later. Results confirm predictive validity of preverbal communication for language skills with the hand shape of pointing being superior compared to the underlying motives for pointing (imperative vs. declarative). Twelve‐month‐olds who pointed only with their open hand but never with their index finger were at risk for primary language delay at 2 years of age. 相似文献
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Ulf Fredriksson Gunilla Jedeskog Tjeerd Plomp 《Education and Information Technologies》2008,13(2):83-101
The European e-Learning Forum for Education (ELFE) is a project initiated by the ETUCE (European Trade Union Committee on Education). An important objective of the project has been to study good experiences with implementing the use of ICT in schools. This objective has been broken down in seven operational research questions. Three of these questions will be discussed in this article: (1) What difference does the use of ICT make in schools where ICT is intensively used for instructional/pedagogical purposes? (2) How are the students influenced by this different way of teaching as compared to the traditional classroom education, both individually and as a collective? 3) What factors influence the intensive pedagogical use of ICT? The ELFE study applied a case study approach. Three innovative schools in each of five European countries (Denmark, England, Germany, Norway and Portugal) were purposively selected. Data were collected via questionnaires, interviews, observations and school documents. The findings resulting from the ELFE schools case studies illustrate that the implementation of ICT for teaching and learning may influence the functioning of schools in a number of ways. One can also conclude that students like working with computers and that they have no ‘instrumental’ problems. A number of factors seem to influence the successful implementation of ICT at school level such as a good infrastructure, a clear vision, policy and strategy. A crucial factor is support from national, regional and local authorities, as well as from the school leadership and parents. 相似文献
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Hallal PC Reichert FF Ekelund U Dumith SC Menezes AM Victora CG Wells J 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(2):183-190
The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between physical activity and body composition in adolescence. This is a prospective study, including 4,103 adolescents belonging to the Pelotas (Brazil) 1993 birth cohort, who were followed up at the mean ages of 11.3 and 14.7 years. Subsample analyses included 511 individuals with accelerometry and deuterium dilution data at 13.3 years. Sum of skinfolds at age 11.3 years was highly correlated with skinfolds at age 14.7 years (rho = 0.74, P < 0.001). More than 85% of participants remained in the same quintile or changed by not more than one quintile during the 3.4 year period. Tracking of physical activity was considerably lower, although still significant; the correlation was 0.24 (P < 0.001) and 61.4% of the adolescents moved one or less quintiles. In fully-adjusted models, no significant cross-sectional or longitudinal associations were found between physical activity and body composition, neither in boys nor in girls. These null results were confirmed in the 511 individuals with accelerometry and deuterium data. We provide evidence of tracking of physical activity and particularly body composition during adolescence. Our results do not support the hypothesis that physical activity and fatness are strongly related in adolescents. 相似文献
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Ulf Abraham 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2016,23(3):209-226
Among educators in the field of language and literature, in the German-speaking world and beyond, the concept of ‘competence’ has been gaining ground for three decades. This article questions the validity of prevalent competence definitions, which by focusing on the proficiency of an individual student ignore the fact that in understanding literature, as well as in composition, communal achievement is essential. By drawing on evolutionary anthropology and by collecting evidence from studies in literary and composition learning, the author draws on his own teaching experience to show that students’ competence develops by interaction. Educational research, however, widely fails to take this into account. 相似文献
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Ulf P. Lundgren 《课程研究杂志》2015,47(6):787-801
Michael Young’s article ‘Overcoming the crisis in curriculum theory: a knowledge-based approach’ (JCS, 45, 2) is discussed from the starting point that the claimed crisis is constructed from a decisive solution, that is the solution determines what is a crisis. But curriculum research and curriculum theory are in need of change. Curriculum research is discussed from an international and historical perspective. The focus is on how economic changes and changes in modes of production have created demands that have been met by an increasing trust in competition between schools and nations. Curriculum construction has been globalized. Curriculum research and curriculum theory ought to problematize and analyse these changes in the conditions for curriculum construction and the politics of education. It is insight into these changes that are needed as well as a serious discussion on the meaning and direction of formation (Bildung) as a framework for research on the knowledge that has to be selected and organized for teaching. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different forms of strategy instruction on 210 elementary-school students' reading comprehension. Students were assigned to any one of three intervention conditions or to a traditional instruction condition (control condition). Training students were taught four reading strategies (summarizing, questioning, clarifying, predicting) and practiced these strategies in small groups (reciprocal teaching), pairs, or instructor-guided small groups. At both the post- and follow-up test the intervention students attained higher scores on an experimenter-developed task of reading comprehension and strategy use than the control students who received traditional instruction. Furthermore, students who practiced reciprocal teaching in small groups outperformed students in instructor-guided and traditional instruction groups on a standardized reading comprehension test. 相似文献